Egypt

Ancient Egypt is an ancient civilization of eastern North Africa and the western Middle East, concentrated along the lower reaches of the River Nile in what is now Egypt.

Its historical borders were shared with Canaan and Arabia to the east, Libya to the west and Nubia to the south.

The civilization of ancient Egypt took shape around 3150 BC with the political unification of Upper Egypt to the south and Lower Egypt to the north under the reign of the first king, and developed over more than three millennia. Its history is punctuated by a series of politically stable periods, interspersed with several more troubled periods in between. Ancient Egypt reached its apogee during the New Kingdom, before entering a period of slow decline. The country suffered repeated assaults from foreign powers in this late period, and the reign of the pharaohs officially came to an end in 30 BC, when the Roman Empire conquered Egypt and made it a province.